2019考研英语真题及答案详解（一）

Section ⅠUse of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones.  1  of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones  2  on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize.  3  you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you  4  can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate  5  to civilization, one of which is to follow the land...

When you find yourself well  6  a trail, but not in a completely  7  area, you have to answer two questions: Which  8  is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water.  9  , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should  10  see signs of people.

If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be  11  how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.

Another  12  : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.  13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to   14   gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15  the woods. Head toward these  16  to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for  17  light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.

 18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the  19  we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can  20  you to civilization.

1.[A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All

2.[A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come

3.[A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until

4.[A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally

5.[A] back  [B] next [C] around [D] away

6.[A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone

7.[A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar

8.[A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place

9.[A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides

10.[A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually

11.[A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused

12.[A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result

13.[A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example

14.[A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate

15.[A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under

16.[A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks

17.[A] artificial[B] mysterious[C] hidden [D] limited

18.[A] Finally[B] Consequently[C] incidentally [D] Generally

19.[A] memories[B] marks[C] notes [D] belongings

20.[A] restrict[B] adopt[C] lead [D] expose

1-20参考答案及解析:

1.生活在一个GPS系统,数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。空格之后的语句与前面语义方向一致,再考虑到句中的without a phone,可知,此处需要双重否定表达肯定,所以,选择few,符合文意;

2. 【C】run 固定搭配;此题考查与介词on的搭配情况;run on battery表示手机使用电池得以运行;其他选项的搭配为:put on(增加;假装;使…上场);take on(承担;呈现;具有;流行);come on( 快点;开始;要求;上演;);语义搭配不通顺,故选择run on搭配;

3. 【B】If 逻辑关系;此处考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句为“... 你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路,...找不到北方,我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航...文明”;前后句之间构成假设的逻辑关系,所以选择if;其余选项:since(因为,自从);though(虽然); until(直到) 代入后,不符合语义表达;

4. 【D】literally词义辨析题;空格处所在句为“假如你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路,...找不到北方,我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航...文明”;literally表示确实地,真正地;符合语义表达;其余选项:formally(正式地);relatively(相对地);gradually(逐渐地)不符合语义表达;

5. 【A】back词义辨析题;出题处的语义表达“我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航...文明”,只有back 与前文的lost(迷路)形成相互呼应,故而选择back;

6. 【B】off 词义辨析题;空格所在句提到“为当你发现自己...路径。 但不是完全...的

区域。你需要回答两个问题:在这个特殊区域中,哪个..是下坡路?哪里有最近的水源?”

因此,根据句意表达,off(远离, 离开)符合句意;其它选项:onto(在…之上;对…了解);across (穿过,根穿),alone (独白地,单独地),故选择off;

7. 【D】unfamiliar 词义辨析题;根据出题处的语义表达,“为当你发现自己...路径。 但不是完全...的区域”,语义搭配,unfamiliar更符合要求;其他选项:unattractive (不吸引人的);

uncrowded (不利挤的,宽敞的);C选项unchanged (未改变的,无变化的);不符合语义表达;

8.【C】way词义辨析题;根据出题处的语境表述“你需要回答两个问题:在这个特殊区域中,哪个...是下坡路?哪里有最近的水源?”因此只有way符合要求;其他选项:site(地点;位置;场所);point(要点;得分;标点);place(地方;住所;座位),不符合句意表达;

9. 【A】so逻辑关系题;出题句指出“生活在山谷里的人,基本上需要淡水为生,...如果你下山,沿着水走,你会发现人类的踪迹...”,此处语义逻辑很明显,考察因果逻辑关系;故选择so,其它选项:yet(但是,然而); instead(反而,替代); besides(此外,而且);不符合句义要求;

10.【D】eventually 词义辨析题;出题句提及“...如果你下山,沿着水走,你会发现人类的踪迹...”,只有eventually(最后,终于)符合题目要求,语义通顺;其它选项:immediately (立即,立刻);intentionally(故意地,有意地);unexpectedly(出乎意料地);不符合语义表达,故排除;

11.【A】surprised词义辨析题;出题句提及“如果你之前去过这个地方,一定要注意熟悉景象,你或许会...快速识别出一块特征明显的石头或者树木来唤起你的记忆”;此处只有surprised符合题目要求;其他选项带有明显的贬义色彩,故不符合;

12.【B】option词义辨析题;本文第一段中提到“如果你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路了,而且你真的找不到北方,我们会有一些技巧可言帮助你回到文明社会”,此处考查的地方就是前文提及的“另一个...:登到高处寻找有人类居住的标志”;只有option(选择)符合句义及情感色彩要求;

13.【D】For example逻辑关系题;出题句前后构抽象到具体的例证关系(前文提到“另一个选择就是登高寻找有人类居住的标志”,与后文的look for signs形成抽象到具体的过程),故选择For example;

14.【C】spot 词义辨析题;此题需借助前面的语义内容及逻辑关系辅助做题;此处需填入的动词和look for 语义相近,故选择spot(发现),符合语义表达;其他选项:bridge(架桥,渡过);avoid(避开,消除);separate(分开);不符合语义要求;

15.【B】through词义辨析题;分析:本题为语义题及固定搭配题,考查carve与woods之间的关系,根据常识可知,路应该是穿过森林开凿出来的,故本句意为穿过森林开凿出的公路,故B选项through为正确答案。

16.【D】breaks语义辨析题;本题为语义题,根据上一句信息,因为人为原因而造成的gaps in the tree line,不难判断,朝着有树木缺口的地方走,就能找到出去的路,故D选项breaks为正确答案。

17.【A】artificial词义辨析题及逻辑关系题;因题干中such as表示举例关系,故我们首先根据例子信息可以判断文中fires and streetlights可以确定火与街灯的共同特征是人造光源,故本题A选项artificial为正确答案。

18.【A】Finally  语义题;文章后面指出假设你在人类常去的地方迷路,寻找我们在地面上留下的······,因前文已经举例说明了几种情况,如当你在一个并非完全不熟悉的环境中迷路······,可知此处应是最后一种假设情况,故本题A选项finally为正确答案。

19.【B】mark词义辨析题;根据常识,在人类常去的地方,地面上必定有很多标志,故寻找我们在地面上留下的标志,在此处更符合文意,故本题B选项marks为正确答案。

20.【C】lead词义辨析题;道路上的树皮刻痕、轮胎印和其他特征能够指引你去有人烟的地方,此外,本题处的单词应该与前文中的navigate同义,故本题C选项lead为正确答案。